6^th International Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases and Therapeutics August 07-08, 2023 Toronto, Canada

Heart failure, sometimes recognized as congestive heart failure, occurs when the heart muscle does not pump blood as efficiently as it can. Certain heart conditions, such as narrowed arteries in the heart (coronary artery disease) or high blood pressure, gradually leave the heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump blood properly. Not all conditions that lead to heart failure can be reversed, but treatments can advance the signs and symptoms of heart failure and allow people to live longer.

Cardiomyopathy is a group of diseases that damage the heart muscle. Primary there may be few or no symptoms. As the disease worsens, shortness of breath, feeling tired and swelling in the legs may occur, due to the onset of heart failure. Irregular heartbeat and fainting may occur. There is an increased risk of sudden cardiac death in affected individuals. Types of cardiomyopathy include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome). In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle enlarges and thickens. In dilated cardiomyopathy, the ventricles expand and weaken. In restrictive cardiomyopathy, the ventricle stiffens.

Coronary heart disease is often called coronary artery disease, which means the narrowing of the coronary arteries or the buildup of plaque in the arteries. The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply oxygen and blood to the heart. The coronary arteries are vital: blood is carried to the coronary arteries by the heart muscle. So, as the coronary arteries narrow, blood flow to the muscles of the heart decreases. A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort that can spread to the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Irregularly, it may feel like heartburn. Usually, symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and improve with rest. Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. In many cases, the first sign is a heart attack. Other complications include heart failure or abnormal heart rhythm.

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome caused by decreased blood flow to the coronary artery (set of signs and symptoms) such that part of the heart muscle fails to function properly or dies. The most common symptom is chest pain, frequently radiating to the left shoulder or angle of the jaw, crushing, central, and associated with nausea and sweating. Many people with acute coronary syndrome, especially women, elderly patients, and patients with diabetes mellitus, have symptoms other than chest pain.

Acute coronary syndrome is generally related to three clinical symptoms, named according to the presence of the electrocardiogram (ECG): ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI, 30%) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( NSTEMI, 25%) or unstable angina (38%). There can be several variations as to which forms of myocardial infarction (MI) are classified as acute coronary syndrome.

Hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is constantly elevated at a regular rate. This is often referred to as high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease with vital signs or elevated blood vessels. This can lead to serious health problems and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and sometimes death. The different forms of cardiovascular diseases and their evaluation are mainly discussed in this session. Almost 90-95% of cases are primary and the unhealthy lifestyle followed by excess alcohol, salt, body weight, etc. The remaining 5-10% suffer from it due to thinning of the renal arteries, chronic kidney disease and endocrine disorders.Evaluation of cardiovascular disease typically involves confirmation of hypertension, risk factors, underlying causes, organ damage, and indications and contraindications for medications. Hypertension could be a major threat to heart disease and stroke.

Cardiac regeneration is the ability of restorative stem cells to restore impaired tissue function by renewing cell growth in heart cells destroyed by heart disease or by rapidly growing and controversial research. The discovery of progenitor cells inside the heart about 12 years ago spurred interest in regenerative cell-based therapies, and about 15.5 million Americans suffer from one or more forms of cardiovascular disease, such as a heart attack, angina or heart failure. Here is the heart regeneration technique, which allows exogenous cells to be inserted into the damaged region of the heart. These transplanted cells could generate and repopulate the injured area with myocardium.

• Cardiac regenerative therapy
• Trans differentiation during cardiac regeneration
• Biomimetic Heart Valve Replacement
• Modified heart tissue derived from stem cells
• NSTEMI Guidelines
• Cardiomyocyte proliferation
• Angiogenesis
• Transcription
• Creation of fabrics

Interventional cardiology requires the correction of vessels, narrowed arteries, or other compromised parts of the heart system that are altered or weakened. This is a non-surgical care technique that uses a narrow flexible tube called a catheter. Through catheterization, the heart can be exposed to several procedures. This usually involves injecting a catheter into the heart system's cardiac chamber/coronary arteries/valves and cardiac cannulation under x-ray visualization or most often fluoroscopy. Scars, pain and long post-operative recovery are avoided by adapting this form of treatment. Due to prolonged fluoroscopy time and radiographic exposure, procedures used in interventional cardiology result in significant radiation doses to patients.

Surgery on the heart or large arteries is cardiac surgery or heart surgery. It is performed to resolve problems related to the heart. A heart surgeon is a specialist in heart surgery. Unlike conventional open-heart surgery, new methods of heart surgery (such as pumpless surgery and minimally invasive surgery) can minimize risk and speed up recovery time. Heart surgery is performed by a heart surgeon to repair or replace heart valves, repair irregular or damaged heart structures, insert medical devices that help regulate heart rate or support heart function and blood flow, or replace a heart damaged by a healthy donor heart.

• Open heart surgery
• Modern beating heart surgery
• Coronary bypass graft
• Minimally invasive surgery
• Robot-assisted surgeries
• Heart transplant
• Angioplasty
• Valvuloplasty

The goal of pediatric cardiology is to diagnose congenital heart defects, perform diagnostic procedures such as echocardiograms, cardiac catheterization, and electrophysiology studies, and manage the onset of heart disease in infants, children and adolescents on an ongoing basis. Myocarditis (the condition is characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle) involves different forms of inflammatory heart disease; Kawasaki disease is a rare childhood disease that affects blood vessels. Prenatal diagnosis and care for pregnant women at risk or suspected of carrying babies with heart defects is neonatal cardiology.

• Pediatric cardiac catheterization
• Disease risk and diagnosis
• Pediatric angina
• Pathology of pediatric diseases
• Pediatric heart transplants
• Pediatric cardiologists
• Pediatric Cardiac Physiology

Robotic heart surgery is heart surgery performed through very minor cuts in the chest. Through the use of tiny instruments and robot-controlled tools, surgeons are able to perform heart surgery in a vastly less invasive way than open-heart surgery. The procedure is sometimes called da Vinci surgery because that is the name of the robot manufacturer often used for this technique. Robotic surgeries have been used for a number of different cardiac procedures, including valve surgery, coronary bypass surgery, heart tissue removal, heart defect repair, and tumor removal.

Cardiac Imaging, also known as Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), is a medical imaging technology for non-nosed assessment of the function and structure of the cardiovascular system with an imaging branch cardiovascular that clarifies cross-sectional imaging studies of the heart and blood vessels system using computed tomography (CT or 'CAT') and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT and MRI are non-invasive imaging modalities that generate detailed images of structures inside the heart using a strong magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer. It is used in patients with congenital heart disease to diagnose or monitor heart disease and to assess the anatomy and function of the heart. To ensure optimal diagnostic quality in patient care while minimizing patient exposure to ionizing radiation, MUSC uses the latest state-of-the-art imaging instruments.

• Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Non-invasive cardiac imaging
• Clinical Uses of Cardiac Imaging
• Cardiac MRI
• Physician impairment
• Echocardiography
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Computed tomography (CT)
• Imaging in nuclear medicine
• Coronary catheterization
• Intravascular ultrasound

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are leading causes of death in many parts of the world, and cardio-oncology is at the intersection of heart problems in cancer patients. For both diseases occurring in the same patient, there are many explanations. Risk factors for coronary heart disease (CD) and cancer include age, smoking and obesity. The effects of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in long-term survivors of a malignancy may be other causes. These treatments have a direct effect on the heart, which in some cases requires surgical correction. Malignancy may also occur during long-term follow-up after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The growth of medical facilities also makes the identification of heart disease and treatable cancers more likely.

• Benign cardiac tumours, cardiac fibroma
• Atrial myxoma, tricuspid stenosis
• Cardiac tumour, pulmonary chondroma
• Carney complex, LAMB syndrome
• Prevention of chemotherapy-induced cardiac dysfunction
• Cancer and heart

Echocardiography is called cardiac echo produced by the ultrasound waves which generate the images of the heart. It is a type of ultrasound test that uses high-pitched sound waves transmitted through a system called a transducer. The device accepts echoes of sound waves as they bind to different parts of the heart. These echoes tend to produce moving images of the heart that can be seen on a video screen. It helps to recognize cardiomyopathies, such as cardiomyopathy with hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and many others.

• Cardiac Imaging Techniques
• Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Three-dimensional echocardiography
• Angiocardiography
• Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET)
• Heart rate monitor
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Pacemaker monitoring
• Stress echocardiography
• Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

Cardiac nursing is a discipline focused on the prevention and treatment of disorders, as well as an understanding of normal cardiac anatomy and physiology, extensive skills in assessment and monitoring, a thorough knowledge of diseases and cardiac disorders and ongoing training in appropriate prevention methods. treatment methods and options. Clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners provide comprehensive cardiovascular care to patients with acute and chronic heart disease.

Key areas include:
Critical care and acute care management of cardiac patients, advanced health assessment, clinical prevention and advanced pathophysiology.

• Discussion of the role of nurses in the success of a heart failure service
• Management of Cardiac Patients in Intensive Care and Acute Care
• Advanced Health Assessment
• Increase patient knowledge and education about the disease and its managemen

The Pharmacological study which concerned cardiac and neuronal drugs. Cardiac or cardiovascular pharmacology describes the activities of cardiac medicine in different heart diseases including cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, congestive heart failure, angina, and cardiomyopathy. Neuronal pharmacology focuses on neurological disorders and their drug pharmacological activities. There is a physiological relationship between these cardiac and neuropharmacological disorders since almost all cardiac disorders are interrelated with the nervous system. The heart system is internally regulated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

• Pharmacotherapy for cardiac arrhythmias
• Pharmacotherapy for acute and chronic heart failure
• Drug treatment of systemic hypertension
• Anti-ischemic drug therapy

Nuclear cardiology is the study of myocardial perfusion scans, and this test is used to monitor blood flow in the heart muscle. If these arteries are blocked, the coronary arteries carry blood to the heart muscle, so the heart does not get enough blood to function properly. Coronary artery disease (CAD) results from this blockage. Myocardial perfusion ultrasound is divided into two sections, which are stress ultrasound and rest ultrasound. The primary reason for early diagnosis of heart disease and assessment of disease extent and detection of findings in the setting of coronary artery disease is nuclear cardiology. Nuclear cardiology studies use non-invasive techniques to analyze myocardial blood flow, assess the pumping mechanism of the heart, and imagine the size and location of a heart attack. Myocardial perfusion imaging is the most widely used nuclear cardiology technique. For many cancer survivors, cardiovascular disease emerges as an important cause of death, rivaling cancer recurrence. This improvement in cancer survival has promoted robust cancer survival, associated with off-target side effects of oncology therapies and the availability of strategies to improve cardiovascular outcomes.

• Myocardial infarction
• Vasodilators
• Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Perfusion

Over the years, sports medicine has expanded to include not only competitive athletes, but also anyone who exercises (amateur or professional). Although sport can impart heroic fitness to athletes, there is a risk of sport-related sudden cardiac death. The societal and media response to these tragic athlete deaths is garnering negative publicity, although the overall benefits of exercise outweigh the risks. Generally, sudden cardiac death is triggered by a malignant tachyarrhythmia such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia degenerating into VF. There is usually an underlying substrate for triggering the arrhythmia, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, channelopathies, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, or congenital coronary artery anomalies, among others.