Cardiovascular Diseases and Therapeutics

Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery

Interventional cardiology requires the correction of vessels, narrowed arteries, or other compromised parts of the heart system that are altered or weakened. This is a non-surgical care technique that uses a narrow flexible tube called a catheter. Through catheterization, the heart can be exposed to several procedures. This usually involves injecting a catheter into the heart system's cardiac chamber/coronary arteries/valves and cardiac cannulation under x-ray visualization or most often fluoroscopy. Scars, pain and long post-operative recovery are avoided by adapting this form of treatment. Due to prolonged fluoroscopy time and radiographic exposure, procedures used in interventional cardiology result in significant radiation doses to patients.

Surgery on the heart or large arteries is cardiac surgery or heart surgery. It is performed to resolve problems related to the heart. A heart surgeon is a specialist in heart surgery. Unlike conventional open-heart surgery, new methods of heart surgery (such as pumpless surgery and minimally invasive surgery) can minimize risk and speed up recovery time. Heart surgery is performed by a heart surgeon to repair or replace heart valves, repair irregular or damaged heart structures, insert medical devices that help regulate heart rate or support heart function and blood flow, or replace a heart damaged by a healthy donor heart.

• Open heart surgery
• Modern beating heart surgery
• Coronary bypass graft
• Minimally invasive surgery
• Robot-assisted surgeries
• Heart transplant
• Angioplasty
• Valvuloplasty